Tres modelos normativos de Estado: separación estricta de poderes, checks and balances y democracia deliberativa / Three State Models: Strict Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances, and Deliberative Democracy
Keywords:
Derecho Constitucional, División de poderes, Democracia deliberativa, Revisión judicial dialógica, Audiencias públicas, Constitutional law, Separation of powers, Deliberative democracy, Dialogic judicial review, Public hearingsAbstract
El presente trabajo tiene por objeto repasar los sistemas constitucionales de “separación estricta de poderes” y de “pesos y contrapesos”, para luego analizar la “democracia deliberativa” con el fin de demostrar que los dos primeros modelos de Estado, en tanto herméticos o adversativos, presentan límites para efectivizar los principios de la concepción democrática deliberativa. Además, se describe sucintamente la teoría discursiva del derecho que se relaciona con este prototipo de democracia. Finalmente, como posibles vías para institucionalizar el sistema democrático deliberativo, se examinan dos instrumentos jurídicos que incentivan un diálogo genuino interorgánico, al mismo tiempo que entre el Estado y la ciudadanía: las audiencias públicas informativas en el ámbito del Poder Judicial y la revisión judicial dialógica.
This paper aims to review the constitutional “strict separation of powers” and the “checks and balances” state system, to show that these two models of State have limitations to prosecute a “deliberative democracy”. It will be briefly described the theory of this last state model, to finally propose two juridical instruments that promote a genuine dialogue between all the powers of the state and between the state and the citizens: the informative public hearings in the judicial field and the dialogic judicial review.
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